JEWISH STOLIN
 
 

Stolin, one of the most ancient towns of Belarus, is situated on the left bank of the River Gorin. It was first mentioned inold Chronicles among "towns pogorinski". It was a part of Turov - Pinsk Principality and then a part of Great Lithuanian Principality in XII-XIII centuries. According to the Lublin Union it became a part of Poland in 1569.
At that time Jews began to move to Stolin from Western Europe to find a better life.
In XVI century Stolin belonged to magnates Solomoretski, Vishnevcki, Patsi, Soltan, Skirmunt and Stachovski.
After the war in the middle of XVIII century while Retch Pospolitaya was in wars with the Ukraine, Sweden, Turkey, Tartar Stolin became poor. At the end of the XVIII century began to become powerful again. There were fairs in Stolin. In 1765 there were 408 Jews in Stolin. In 1792 it became the place of Seimik meetings instead of Mozir.
After the second dividing of Retch Pospolitaya in 1793 Stolin became a part of Russia and a center of Pinsk uezd Minsk province. In 1847 in Stolin there was a Jewish Community of 777 people. With the development of trade in Stolin many houses, white Stone Synagogue (1792) three warm synagogues, Jewish schools, banks, mills, shops, chemist's shops and mikvas were built. Many of these buildings still exist.
Stolin became a center of Hasidim movement.
Stolin tsadics had a great influence in Minsk and Volin Provinces. The first tsadic in Stolin was Rabbi Acher Perlov (Stolinski), the son of famous tsadic Rabbi Aaron Perlov (Great) (1736 - 1772). Asher Perlov Stolinski was one of the famous tsadics of that time. The son of Rabbi Asher Perlov (Stolinski) Rabbi Aaron II Perlov (1802 - 1872) was tsadic - in Karlin (near Pinsk) and had a great power in North West Region. Because of misunderstanding between him and one noble family from misnagdim, Rabbi Aaron II Perlov moved to Stolin. After his death his son Asher II Stolinski Perlov became Rabbi. He died in 1873. His heir was his five-year-old son Rabbi Isroel Perlov (1868) called "enuka kadisha". He was Rabbi till the beginning of 20s XX century. He was energetic and good organizer. His heir was his elder son Rabbi Moisha Perlov (1890), who died with his family in Stolin ghetto in 1942.
At the end of XIX century Stolin was mostly Jewish. In 1897 the population of Stolin was 3342, among them there were 2489 Jews. Jews strengthened their trade and religious ties with other Jews. Jews in Stolin lived mostly in the area of Market Square.
Soviet Power came to Stolin in November 1917. Since February 1918 till December 1919 the town was occupied by the Germans.
According to the Riga Agreement Stolin belonged to Poland from 1921 till 1939. It was a period of quiet life and work of Stolin Jews. Since 1922 till 1939 in Stolin there were White Stone Synagogue, three warm synagogues, Heder, schools "Tarbut" and "Kibuts"; mills belonged to Gleiberman Mendel, Visotski, Sohar, Frenkel, Kolodny; chemist's shops of Chernik and Kolodny; shops belonged to Shkliar, Bashkin, Tuchman, Fikangor, Kantorovich, Motorin, Fialkov, Liberman; stores belonged to Skliar, Krupnik, Aisenberg, Eshkal; restaurants of Gonski, Tukin, Vinnik, Visotski, Rogosinski, Kosmovich; a publishing house of Motorin, soda-water factory of Kogan. A cinema of Ruchocki. The hotels of Gleiberman, Rodkevich, Goberman. The merchants Durchin, Furman, Isroel Zarachovich sold wood, salt and were the creditors of Prince Radzivil.


By 1941 in Stolin there were 12500 inhabitants. Among them there were 8500 Jews. And thee were also 7000 Jews who came from occupied Poland.
On the 12th of June 1941 Stolin was occupied by the Germans.
Two months later on the 10th of August 1941 about 3000 Jewish men of 14 and older in David Horodok were shot in Hinovsk by the collaborators.
On the same day 53 Jewish men in Rubel were killed and buried in Borok. Women and children were sent away by local people from the villages and they went to Stolin.
In June 1941 in the village of Horodnaya the collaborators shot 53 Jewish men. In Jule 1942 in ghetto in Horodnaya 200 women, children and old Jewish were shot, the rest 400 Jews were shot in about 3 km from Horodnaya on the way to Terebezhov, in Podraliche.
The same thing happened to the villages of Glinka, Radchitsk, Berezhnoye, Belousha, Olpen and others.
In early spring 1942 the fascists took all the Jews of Stolin and of David Horodok and Rubel and others into ghetto.
In the early morning on September 11, 1942 all the Jews from ghetto were taken away to the Market square. They were surrounded by 200 policemen. On September 11, 12, 1942 all the Jews from ghetto were killed in Stasino (3 km from Stolin). 300 year-old Jewish history of Stolin land ended.
After the Great Patriotic War many specialists of different professions came to empty Stolin to rebuilt the town. Jews were among them. They came from Belarus, Russia and Ukraine.
Only in 1999 Stolin Jewish Community was founded officially. Jewish Community "MOST" ("The Bridge") and Iudaic progressive community "Yahad" were organized. These tittles have their explanations.
"MOST" - is a bridge through the times to the Jewish roots for the generations. This is a bridge of the memory of those who was killed in Stolin, David Horodok, Rubel, Horodnaya, Belousha, Berezhnoye, Glinka, Radchitsk, Olpen and others shtetls where Jews lived.
"MOST" - is a bridge of the lost connection with their roots for generations of Jews, whose grandparents and parents came from Stolin, David Horodok, Rubel and others shtetls.
"MOST" - is an opportunity of communication of the Jews living here with the Jews, living in Israel, the USA, Canada and other countries of the world, whose roots are in Stolin, David Horodok, Rubel or other places.
"Yahad" means "together" from Jewish.
These two organizations work together. Their aim is to save the Jewish heritage of Stolin, David Horodok, Rubel and other Jewish places and to keep the memory of those who lost their lives.


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